Also known as: Citicoline, Cytidine Diphosphate-Choline
CDP-Choline (citicoline) is an endogenous nucleotide that provides both choline and cytidine for brain phospholipid synthesis. It is one of the most well-researched nootropic compounds with strong evidence for neuroprotection.
Cytidine 5'-diphosphocholine (CDP-choline or citicoline) is an intermediate in the biosynthesis of phosphatidylcholine, a major component of neuronal cell membranes. When taken orally, citicoline is hydrolyzed into choline and cytidine, which are absorbed separately and recombined in the brain. The choline component supports acetylcholine synthesis, while cytidine is converted to uridine, which promotes phospholipid membrane repair and synaptic plasticity. Citicoline has been extensively studied in over 11.000 patients across clinical trials for stroke recovery, traumatic brain injury, and age-related cognitive decline. It has shown consistent benefits in attention, memory, and neural repair. Citicoline has an excellent safety profile and is approved as a pharmaceutical in over 70 countries for neurological conditions.
A randomized controlled trial showed citicoline at 250–500 mg daily significantly improved attentional performance and reduced omission errors in healthy adults.
Pooled analysis of over 4.000 stroke patients showed citicoline improved functional outcomes at 3 months compared to placebo, supporting neuronal membrane repair.
Clinical trials in elderly patients with mild cognitive impairment show improvements in memory, verbal fluency, and overall cognitive scores after 12 weeks of citicoline use.
Morning or split into two doses (morning and afternoon)
250 mg has shown benefits in attention; 500 mg may provide additional memory support.
Divided into 2 doses, under medical supervision
Dosage used in stroke and TBI clinical trials. IV formulations also available in clinical settings.
Daily nootropic supplementation
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