Also known as: L-Citrulline, Citrulline Malate
Citrulline is a non-essential amino acid that serves as the most effective oral precursor to L-arginine and nitric oxide. It supports cardiovascular function, exercise performance, and blood flow.
L-Citrulline is a non-proteinogenic amino acid first isolated from watermelon (Citrullus lanatus). Unlike direct arginine supplementation, which is largely degraded by intestinal arginase, citrulline bypasses hepatic metabolism and is efficiently converted to arginine in the kidneys, resulting in sustained elevations of plasma arginine and downstream nitric oxide (NO) production. Increased NO promotes vasodilation, improving blood flow, exercise performance, and blood pressure regulation. Citrulline also participates in the urea cycle, facilitating ammonia clearance during exercise and reducing post-exercise fatigue. Citrulline malate, a combination with malic acid, adds a Krebs cycle intermediate and is the form most studied in sports performance contexts.
Citrulline supplementation increases plasma arginine and nitric oxide levels, improving oxygen delivery to working muscles and enhancing ammonia clearance via the urea cycle, leading to reduced perception of fatigue.
By increasing nitric oxide production, citrulline promotes arterial vasodilation and has shown modest but consistent blood pressure reductions in meta-analyses.
Oral citrulline raises plasma arginine more effectively than equivalent doses of oral arginine due to bypassing intestinal and hepatic arginase degradation.
60 minutes before exercise
Citrulline malate (2:1 ratio) provides approximately 56% citrulline by weight.
Divided into 2 doses, with or without food
Consistent daily intake is more important than timing for cardiovascular benefits.
Pure citrulline dosing and cardiovascular support
Athletic performance; most-studied form in exercise research
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