Also known as: Panax ginseng, Korean Ginseng, Red Ginseng, Asian Ginseng
Panax ginseng is an adaptogenic root prized in East Asian medicine for over 2,000 years. Clinical evidence supports its role in reducing fatigue, enhancing cognitive performance, and modulating immune function.
Panax ginseng (Korean or Asian ginseng) is a perennial plant whose root has been a cornerstone of traditional Chinese and Korean medicine for millennia. The primary active constituents are ginsenosides (also called panaxosides), a diverse group of triterpenoid saponins with over 30 identified subtypes. Ginsenosides exert their effects through multiple pathways: modulating the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, enhancing nitric oxide synthesis, regulating neurotransmitter release, and modulating immune cell activity. The distinction between white ginseng (air-dried) and red ginseng (steamed and dried) is important, as steaming alters the ginsenoside profile and may enhance certain bioactivities. Clinical trials support Panax ginseng for cancer-related fatigue, cognitive performance under stress, immune modulation, and erectile dysfunction. It is classified as an adaptogen — a substance that helps the body resist physical and mental stressors while maintaining homeostasis.
Systematic reviews show Panax ginseng significantly reduces cancer-related and idiopathic fatigue. Ginsenosides enhance mitochondrial function and modulate cortisol release via the HPA axis.
Acute dosing studies demonstrate improvements in working memory, reaction time, and mental arithmetic during cognitively demanding tasks, mediated through enhanced cerebral glucose utilisation.
Panax ginseng enhances innate and adaptive immunity by stimulating natural killer cell activity and promoting T-cell proliferation. RCTs show reduced incidence and duration of respiratory infections.
Morning, with or without food. Cycling (8 weeks on, 2 weeks off) is traditionally recommended.
Look for extracts standardised to 4–7% ginsenosides. Red ginseng may have enhanced bioactivity compared to white ginseng.
Consistent ginsenoside dosing
Enhanced bioactivity and longer shelf life
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