Also known as: Nootropil, 2-Oxo-1-pyrrolidineacetamide
Piracetam is the original nootropic, a cyclic derivative of GABA developed in the 1960s. It is widely studied for its effects on cognitive function, memory, and cerebral blood flow.
Piracetam (2-oxo-1-pyrrolidineacetamide) was synthesized in 1964 by Corneliu Giurgea at UCB Pharmaceuticals and became the prototype for the racetam class of nootropics. It modulates neurotransmission by enhancing acetylcholine receptor density and improving membrane fluidity of neurons. Piracetam has been shown to increase cerebral blood flow and oxygen utilization, particularly in aging or impaired brains. While evidence for cognitive enhancement in healthy young adults is limited, numerous clinical trials support its use in age-related cognitive decline, post-stroke recovery, and myoclonus. Piracetam is available over the counter in some countries but is classified as a prescription medication in several EU member states, including Germany, where it is sold under the brand name Nootropil.
Clinical trials show piracetam improves word recall, working memory, and learning capacity in older adults with age-related cognitive decline.
Piracetam enhances microcirculation in cerebral vasculature by reducing blood viscosity and platelet aggregation, improving oxygen delivery to brain tissue.
High-dose piracetam is approved in several countries for the treatment of cortical myoclonus, significantly reducing involuntary muscle jerks.
Divided into 2–3 doses throughout the day
Effects may take 2–4 weeks to become noticeable. Higher doses are typically used in clinical settings.
Divided into 2–3 doses, under medical supervision
Prescription-only use. Dosage must be titrated by a physician.
Convenient daily dosing
Flexible dosing and cost efficiency
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